How Much Did Early Christians Refer to the New Testament Grid – July. 2020 version

   People have made lots of money selling books claiming early Christianity believed in a different Bible from today. A number of people have made outrageous claims, apparently assuming that nobody really knows what early Christians believed anyway. How could you tell what books early Christians recognized as scripture, without actually asking them? You could know by observing what scriptural books they referred to when they wrote their religious letters, commentaries, and treatises. This will undercount, because they might consider some books scripture that they never happened to mention. (For example, if somebody tape-recorded most of your religious conversations, how often have you mentioned the book of Philemon?) Nevertheless, this method shows at a minimum some of what they accepted as scripture. Note that books with few pages (in English) generally refer to only a few New

Testament books, as one would expect. Early Christians referred to by name and quoted from every books of the New Testament, and they never referred to any other books as possibly being in the New Testament canon, with only a few exceptions, one of which, Tatian’s Diatessaron, was a harmony of the four gospels together in Syriac used until the 5th century. There were many other books out there, of Greek philosophy, paganism, and Gnostic works, but these were considered “poisons” or at the least “foreign food” to avoid.

 Legend of the row colors

red =persecution of Christians

green =heresy

orange =schism (church split)

blue =Bible manuscript

 

W = Books and quotes mentioned by name or by writer      4G = Mention of 4 gospels           I = Implied. ex: “14 letters of Paul”   J = Quoted as words of God/Jesus/Savior/Lord  m = debated    X = rejected

S = Referred to as scripture, gospel, or by apostle(s)         E =not scripture but good to read Q = Quote of 1 or more verses     ½  = quote of ½ verse                                        A = Allusion       - = no reference

Writer or Event

Pages

Date A.D.

NT

Gospels

Mt

Mk

Lk

Jn

Ac

Rm

1C

2C

Ga

Ep

Pp

Cl

1Th

2Th

1T

2T

Tt

Pm

He

Jm

1P

2P

1J

2J

3J

Jde

Rev

Positive reference to other book after Christ that could be scripture

Writer

Nero and Domitian persecute Christians

 

50 and 95/96

Est. 500K Christians. Christians were labeled atheists and killed for refusing to worship the emperor and pagan idols.

 

Nero and Domitian persecute Christians

Clement of Rome (wrote 1 Clement)

16 ¼

96/98

-

-

J

J

½

-

¼

Q

W

-

-

-

-

A

A

-

-

-

½

-

Q

Q

Q

A

-

-

-

-

Q

-

Clement of Rome (wrote 1 Clement)

Papias of Hierapolis, disciple of John

2

95-110

-

-

W

W

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

A

-

A

-

-

-

?

-

Papias of Hierapolis, disciple of John

“Presbyters” (Papias?)

½

95-117

-

-

-

-

-

J

-

-

S

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

“Presbyters” (Papias?)

Ignatius disciple of John (shortest version)

13

c.100-117

-

-

Q

-

-

A

-

-

1/3

½

-

W

-

-

Q

-

¼

-

A

-

-

-

A

-

½

-

-

-

-

-

Ignatius disciple of John (shortest version)

Trajan persecutes Christians

 

107

Answered Pliny the Younger’s letter. Christians are not to be sought after, but only killed if found.

 

Trajan persecutes Christians

Didache (=Teaching of the Twelve Apostles)

4 ¾

c.60-120

-

-

Q

-

Q

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

¼

-

-

-

-

-

A

-

Didache (Teaching of the Twelve Apostles)

Apology of Aristides (Greek version)

4

125 or138-161

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Apology of Aristides (Greek version)

Quadratus of Athens fragment (apologist)

1/8

126

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Quadratus of Athens fragment

Epistle of Barnabas

12 ½

c.70-130

-

-

Q

½

Q

A

A

-

-

A

-

-

-

A

-

-

A

-

-

-

Q

A

-

A

-

-

-

-

-

-

Epistle of Barnabas

Hadrian persecutes Christians

 

118 & 134

Hadrian loved Greek culture, & he persecuted both Jews & Christians. The Jewish Bar Cochba revolt happened under him.

 

Hadrian persecutes Christians

Bar Cochba persecutes Christians

 

135

Christians persecuted in Israel because Christians would not join Bar Cochba’s revolt.

 

Bar Cochba persecutes Christians in Israel

p52 (=John Rylands) John 18:31-33; 18:37-38

117-138

-

-

-

-

-

W

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

p46 70% of Paul+Heb in 1 manuscript

2 Clement (anonymous writer)

5 ¾

120-140

-

-

Q

-

Q

-

-

-

Q

-

Q

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

A

Q

A

-

-

-

-

-

1 Clement, Gospel of the Egyptians

2 Clement (anonymous writer)

p104, p87 Mt, Philemon (5½, 4 verses)

100-150

-

-

W

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

W

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

p104, p87 Mt, Philemon (5, 4 verses)

p46 (=Chester Beatty II) 1,680 verses 70% Paul+Heb

100-150

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

-

-

-

-

-

W

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

p46 70% of Paul+Heb in 1 manuscript

p98 Rev 1:13-2:1 (9 verses)

150?

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

W

-

p98 Rev 1:13-2:1 (9 verses)

Polycarp disciple of John, to the Philippians

3 ½

100-155

-

-

Q

½

Q

-

Q

Q

Q

½

¼

Q

W

-

Q

½

Q

Q

-

-

-

-

Q

-

½

-

-

-

-

-

Polycarp to the Philippians

Epistle to Diognetus (=Mathetes to Diognetus)

5 ¼

c.130–200

-

W

A

-

-

A

-

-

-

¾

A

-

A

-

-

-

A

-

-

-

-

-

A

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Epistle to Diognetus (=Mathetes to Diognetus)

Apostolic fathers totals: all symbols except P’s

67.5

-155

0

1

8

4

5

4

3

3

5

4

3

2

2

2

3

1

4

1

2

0

2

3

6

3

3

0

0

0

2

1

Apostolic fathers totals: all symbols except P’s

Shepherd of Hermas

46 ½

c.115-155

-

-

¼

-

Q

-

½

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

½

½

½

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Shepherd of Hermas

Justin Martyr, philosopher and apologist

137

c.138-165

W

W

J

J

J

J

A

-

-

-

-

Q

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

W

Acts of Pontius Pilate

Justin Martyr, philosopher & apologist

Evarestus’ Martyrdom of Polycarp

5

c.169

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Evarestus’ Martyrdom of Polycarp

Marcion of Pontus, pupil of Cerdo, & his pupil Apelles

before 170-

Gnostics all believed the Creator was evil/foolish. Rejecting the Old Testament, they mixed Greek paganism and Christianity.

Many

Marcion of Pontus, pupil of Cerdo, & his pupil Apelles

Menander then Satorninos/Saturnilus (ascetic gnostics)

c.150-4th cen.

Cerdo & Menander from Simon in Acts. Encratite gnostics came from Saturnilus.

 

 

Dionysius of Corinth (wrote against Marcion)

1/3

170

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Dionysius of Corinth

Tatian’s Diatessaron (The Four)

c.172

-

-

W

W

W

W

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tatian’s Diatessaron (The Four)

Tatian, pupil of Justin, Encratite Gnostic later

18+86

c.172

-

-

Q

Q

Q

Q

-

A

A

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

¼

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Tatian, pupil of Justin, Encratite Gnostic later

Basilides, changed from Menander 's teaching

2.5

132-135-4th

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basilides, changed from Menander 's teaching

Sethians/Borborites (libertine gnostics)

20

?-4th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sethians/Borborites (libertine gnostics)

Hermetic Gnostics (no mention of Christ)

4

?-4th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hermetic Gnostics (no mention of Christ)

Valentinians including Heracleon & Ptolemy

23+12

c.150-4th cen.

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Valentinians including Heracleon & Ptolemy

Other gnostics: Cainites, Carpocrates, Peretae, Cerinthus, Colorbasus, Dositheus, Monoimus, Hermogenes, Marcillinians, Marcus, Ophites, Secundus/Epiphanes

37

c.150-4th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

-

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other gnostics: Cainites, Carpocrates, Peretae, Cerinthus, Colorbasus, Dositheus, Monoimus, Hermogenes, Marcillinians, Marcus, Ophites, Secundus/Epiphanes

p66 (=Bodmer II) 92% of John (817 verses)

c.125-175

-

-

-

-

-

W

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

p66(=Bodmer II) p14/15, 92% of John

p4, p64, p67 Lk 1:58-59,etc. Mt 26:7-8,etc. (95 verses)

c.150-175

-

-

W

-

W

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

p4, p64, p67 Lk 1:58-59,etc. Mt 26:7-8,etc.

p90 Jn 18:36-19:7 (11 verses)

c.175

-

-

-

-

-

W

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

p90 Jn 18:36-19:7 (11 verses)

Athenagoras (apologist)

33 ½

177

-

-

Q

-

Q

-

-

-

S

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Q

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Athenagoras

Christians of Vienna and Lugdunum (Lyons)

6 ½

177

-

-

-

-

Q

J

½

¾

-

A

-

-

Q

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Q

-

Christians of Vienna and Lugdunum (Lyons)

Persecution of Marcus Aurelius

 

162/166-180

Aurelius was a Stoic philosopher. Persecution, mainly in Gaul, ended with his death.

 

Persecution of Marcus Aurelius

Claudius Apollinaris of Hierapolis (Quartod.)

½

160-177/180

-

W

W

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Claudius Apollinaris of Hierapolis (Quartod.)

Melito/Meleto of Sardis (Quartodecimian)

11

170-177/180

I

-

A

S

S

-

-

-

S

-

-

-

-

-

S

-

-

-

-

-

¼

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Melito/Meleto of Sardis (Quartodecimian)

Hegesippus (chronicler)

2 ½

170-180

-

W

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Hegesippus (chronicler)

Rhodon (against Marcion and Apelles)

½

180

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Rhodon (against Marcion and Apelles)

Theophilus of Antioch (to Autolycus)

32

168-181/188

-

W

Q

-

Q

W

-

Q

Q

-

-

Q

-

-

-

-

Q

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Shepherd of Hermas

Theophilus of Antioch (to Autolycus)

Ebionites & Clementina (Law, Father, Son)

265½+

-181-

-

-

Q

Q

Q

J

-

-

A

A

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Quote probably from an apocryphal gospel

Ebionites & Clementina (OT Law, Father, Son)

Ebionites Clementine Homilies (OT Law, Father, Son)

123½

-181-

-

-

 

 

 

 

-

-

 

 

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

Ebionites Clementine Homilies (OT Law, Father, Son)

Ebionite Letter of Peter to James

2

-181-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Peter's Preaching

Ebionite Letter of Peter to James

Ebionite Letter of Clement to James

4 ½

-181-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

Ebionite Letter of Clement to James

Ebionite Recognitions of Clement

134

-181-

-

-

 

 

 

 

-

-

 

 

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

Ebionite Recognitions of Clement

Ebionite Protoevangelium of James

6

-225-

-

-

 

 

 

 

-

-

 

 

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

Ebionite Protoevangelium of James

Early Christians writing about Ebionites

 

-182-325

-

-

W

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

Early Christians writing about Ebionites

Irenaeus of Lyons, disciple of Polycarp

284 ¾

182-188

W

4G

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

-

W

Q

W

1/3 

S

W

-

A

W

Hermas. 1 Clement, X Gospel of Truth  X others

Irenaeus of Lyons, disciple of Polycarp

Gospel of Peter (Serapion finally against it)

2

180-190

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gospel of Peter (Serapion finally against it)

Passion of the Scillitan Martyrs

¾

180-202

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

P

a

u

l

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Passion of the Scillitan Martyrs

Maximus of Jerusalem (origin of evil)

5

185-196

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Maximus of Jerusalem (origin of evil)

Polycrates of Ephesus (Quartodecimian)

½

196

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Polycrates of Ephesus (Quartodecimian)

Non-Nag Hamadi Apocalypse of Peter (Greek)

 

100-200

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Gospel of Peter (Serapion finally against it)

p32 (=P. Rylands 5) Titus 1:1-15; 2:3-8 (21 verses)

150-200

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

W

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

p32 (=P. Rylands 5) Titus 1:1-15; 2:3-8 (21 verses)

p77 Mt 23:30-39 (10 verses)

200

-

-

W

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

p77 Mt 23:30-39 (10 verses)

Caius and the Muratorian Canon

3

190-217

I

4G

I

I

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

-

-

-

-

W

W

-

W

W

Wisdom of Solomon, some accept Apocalypse of Peter

Caius and the Muratorian Canon

Sabellian heresy (Praxeas,Noetus,Callistus)

 

200-257-

Sabellians believed the Father, Son, & Spirit were one person. They were called Patripassians for “passion of the Father”.

 

Sabellian heresy (Praxeas, Noetus, Callistus)

Persecution of Septimus Severus

 

202

Est 2M Christians. Although a Christian helped him in an illness, he did not repeal existing laws against Christians.

 

Persecution of Septimus Severus

Passion of Perpetua and Felicitas

7

c.201/205

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Passion of Perpetua and Felicitas

Romans kill first known martyrs in Britain

 

209

Alban, Julius, and Aaron were formerly thought killed in 304/5 A.D.

 

Romans kill first known martyrs in Britain

Serapion of Antioch (against Marcion)

1/3

200-210

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

X Gospel of Peter

Serapion of Antioch (against Marcion)

Minucius Felix (The Octavius)

25

210

-

-

-

-

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Minucius Felix (The Octavius)

Apollonius of Ephesus (against Montanists)

1

c.210

-

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Apollonius of Ephesus (Against Montanists)

Clement of Alexandria

424

193-217/220

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¼  

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Preaching of Peter, Hermas, Gospel of the Egyptians, Gospel of the Hebrews, Tradition of Matthias, Greek philosophers

Clement of Alexandria

p75 Lk 3:18-22; etc. Jn 1:1-11:45,etc. (1,166 verses)

175-225

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p75 Lk 3:18-22; 3:33-4:2, etc. Jn 1:1-11:45,etc.

p45 Gospels + Acts in 1 ms. (833 verses)

200-225

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p45 Gospels+Acts in 1 manuscript

p30 1Th 4:12-13,16-17 etc. 2Th 1:1-2 etc. (25 verses)

ca.225

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Tertullian (joined the Montanist Church)

736

198-220

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Allude to Testament of 12 Patriarchs X Paul & Thecla

Tertullian (joined Montanist church)

Tertullian’s Five Books Against Marcion

194

207/208

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patched together Gal 3:15 & 4:3. Allude to Test. of 12 Patriarchs

Tertullian’s Five Books Against Marcion

Bardaisan/Bardesan of Syria (heretical)

11 ½

-224/232

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Bardaisan/Bardesan of Syria (heretical)

Asterius Urbanus (against Montanists)

2 ¾

c.232

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Asterius Urbanus (against Montanists)

Elchasaite Ebionites (said Jesus God’s Son)

2 ¼

before 236

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Elchasaite Ebionites (said Jesus God’s Son)

Justin's Book of Baruch -Moses, Heracles, Christ

2.5

188-236

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Justin's Book of Baruch -Moses,Heracles,Christ

Naaseni Gnostics & The Gospel of Thomas

3+6

188-236

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Naaseni Gnostics & their Gospel of Thomas

Hippolytus, pupil of Irenaeus (undisputed)

218

222-235/6

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X Gospel of the Egyptians,

X Gospel of Thomas, X others

Hippolytus, pupil of Irenaeus (undisputed works)

Maximin Thrax persecutes Christians

 

235-238

First empire-wide persecution, but only of clergy. Persecution stopped when his soldiers assassinated him.

 

Maximin Thrax persecutes Christians

Narrative of Zosimus

4 ½

before 240

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Narrative of Zosimus

Theodotus the probable Montanist

7 ¾

ca.240

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Peter’s Preaching

Theodotus the probable Montanist

Instructions of Commodianus

16

c.240

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Instructions of Commodianus

Julius Africanus (undisputed writings)

9

232-245

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Julius Africanus (undisputed writings)

Heraclas of Alexandria 1st to be called a pope

232-249

No Roman bishop called a pope until the Council of Arles I in 314 A.D., Next was 347 A.D.. Siricius c.384-399 was the first Roman bishop to call himself a pope.

Heraclas of Alexandria 1st to be called a pope

"Revised Valentinian" Tripartite Tractate

11

200-250

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

"Revised Valentinian" Tripartite Tractate

p13 Heb 2:14-5:5;10:8-22;10:29-11:13;etc. (114 verses)

 

225-250

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p13 Heb 2:14-5:5;10:8-22;10:29-11:13;etc. (114 verses)

p5 Jn 1:23-31,33-40; 16:14-30;20:11-17,19-20,22-25

 

early 3rd cent.

-

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p5 Jn 1:23-31,33-40; 16:14-30;20:11-17,19-20,22-25

p1 Mt 1:1-9,12,14-20 (17 verses)

 

250

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p1 Mt 1:1-9,12,14-20 (17 verses)

p29, p80, p95  Acts 26; Jn 3; Jn 5

 

250

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p29, p80, p95  Acts 26; Jn 3; Jn 5

Acts of Xanthippe, Polyxena, and Rebecca

12 ½

mid 3rd cent?

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Acts of Xanthippe, Polyxena, and Rebecca

Alexander of Cappadocia (Clem. A’.s pupil)

¾

233-251

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Alexander of Cappadocia (Clem. A’.s pupil)

Origen (heterodox teacher)

742

225-253/254

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Hermas (disputed), Acts of Paul inferior to John’s gospel, Test. Of 12 Patriarchs. Gospel Thomas (read elsewhere)

Origen (heterodox teacher)

Severe persecution by Decius and Gallus

 

250-251 - 253

First Christian schism. Were Christians who sacrificed but repented eventually allowed back, or doomed forever (Novatian)?

 

Severe persecution by Decius and Gallus

Novatian (his schism lasted over 200 years)

38 ½

250/254-257

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Novatian (his schism lasted over 200 years)

Treatise Against Novatian

6 ½

254-256

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Treatise Against Novatian

Treatise on Rebaptism

11

c.250-258

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X book Preaching of Paul

Treatise on Rebaptism

Cyprian of Carthage (against Novatian)

250 ¾ 

c.246-258

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Cyprian of Carthage (against Novatian)

Roman church leaders (letters 2,29,30)

1+4 ¾

250-251

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Roman church leaders (letters 2,29,30)

Caldonius to Cyprian (letter 18)

¾

250-251

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Caldonius to Cyprian (letter 18)

Celerinus to Lucian (letter 20)

1 ¼

250-251

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Celerinus to Lucian (letter 20)

Lucian to Celerinus (letter 21)

¾

250-251

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Lucian to Celerinus (letter 21)

Moyses, et al. to Cyprian (letter 25)

2 ½

250-251

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½

-

Moyses, et al. to Cyprian (letter 25)

Cornelius to Cyprian (letters 45,47)

1 ¼

c.246-256

-

-

½

-

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Cornelius to Cyprian (letters 45,47)

Maximus, et al. to Cyprian (letter 49)

¼

c.246-256

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Maximus, et al. to Cyprian (letter 49)

Firmilian of Caesarea to Cyprian (letter 74)

7 ¼

256

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Firmilian of Caesarea to Cyprian (letter 74)

Nemesianus, et al. to Cyprian (letter 77)

¾

254-257

-

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Nemesianus, et al. to Cyprian (letter 77)

Lucius and the brethren to Cyprian (78)

½

250-257

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Lucius and the brethren to Cyprian (78)

Felix & the rest of the martyrs to Cyprian (79)

¼

250-257

-

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Felix & the rest of the martyrs to Cyprian (79)

Seventh Council of Carthage (85 bishops)

7 ¼

258

-

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Seventh Council of Carthage (85 bishops)

Pontius’ The Life and Passion of Cyprian

7 ½

after 258

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Pontius’ The Life and Passion of Cyprian

Valerian persecutes Christians

 

257-260

2nd most severe persecution. Tolerant at first until Macrianus influenced him. Stopped when Persian Shapur I captured him.

 

Valerian persecutes Christians

Theognostus of Alexandria (Origenist)

½

260

-

-

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Theognostus of Alexandria (Origenist)

Gregory Thaumaturgus (undisputed works)

28 ½

240-265

-

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½

-

Gregory Thaumaturgus (undisputed works)

Dionysius of Alexandria (Origenist)

39 ½

246-265

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*

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Dionysius of Alexandria (Origenist)

Letter of Hymenaeus

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

W

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Letter of Hymenaeus

Dionysius of Rome (Against the Sabellians)

1

259-269

W

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Dionysius of Rome (Against the Sabellians)

Malchion (Against Paul of Samosata)

2 ½

270

-

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Malchion (Against Paul of Samosata)

Aurelian Persecution

 

270

At first tolerant, Aurelian died soon after he decided to persecute Christians.

 

Aurelian Persecution

Paul of Samosata, deposed bishop of Antioch

 

260-272

Adoptionist Monarchian. i.e. the Logos entered into Jesus at baptism.

 

Paul of Samosata, deposed bishop of Antioch

p37, p49/65, p53 34, 29/19, (Mt, Acts, Paul) (23 verses)

225-275,c.260

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p37, p49/65, p53 34, 29/19, (Mt, Acts, Paul) (23 verses)

Pierius of Alexandria (fragment)

½

275

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Pierius of Alexandria (fragment)

Manichaean religion (Augustine left this) Manes/Mani's father was an Elchasaite

17

c.276-c.500

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Manichaean religion (Augustine left this) Manes/Mani's father was an Elchasaite

Anatolius of Alexandria (mathematician)

7 ½

270-280

I

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-

Anatolius of Alexandria (mathematician)

p106 Jn 1:29-35,40-46 (14 verses), p107, p108, p109, p111, p113, p114, p115 (3+7+6+5+3+6+119 verses)

3rd century

 

 

 

 

 

W

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

P106 Jn 1:29-35,40-46 (14 verses), p107, p108, p109, p111, p113, p114, p115

p9 1 Jn 4:11-12,14-17, p35, p69, p101 (6,8,9,18 verses)

3rd century

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-

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p9 1 Jn 4:11-12,14-17, p35, p69, p101 (6,8,9,18 verses)

p20 Jms2:19-3:9, p27/p40 Rom1:24- (17, 30, 29 verses)

3rd century

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p20 Jms2:19-3:9, p27/p40 Rom1:24- (17, 30, 29 verses)

p47 (=Chester Beatty III) 31% of Rev.Rev9:10-11:3, etc.

c.250-300

-

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-

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-

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-

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p47 (= Chester Beatty III) 31% of Rev.

p28 Jn 6:8-12,17-22 (11 verses)

late 3rd cent.

-

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-

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-

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-

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p28 Jn 6:8-12,17-22 (11 verses)

p70 Mt 2:13-16;2:22-3:1;11:26-27;12:4-5;24:3-6,12-15

late 3rd cent.

-

-

W

-

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-

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-

-

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-

-

-

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-

-

p70 Mt 2:13-16;2:22-3:1;11:26-27;12:4-5;24:3-6,12-15

p15/p16 1 Cor 7:18-8:4; Php 3:10-17; 4:2-8  (42 verses)

late 3rd cent.

-

-

-

-

-

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-

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-

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-

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-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

p15/p16 1 Cor 7:18-8:4; Php 3:10-17; 4:2-8  (42 verses)

p17 Hebrews 9:12-19 (8 verses)

late 3rd cent.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

W

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

p17 Hebrews 9:12-19 (8 verses)

Theonas of Alexandria ( Letter to Lucianus)

3

282-300

-

-

-

A

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

½

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Theonas of Alexandria (bishop for 18 years)

p12 Heb 1:1 (1 verse)

285-300

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

W

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

p12 Heb 1:1 (1 verse)

King Tiridates III of Armenia

>287-300

At first persecuted Christians, then became one through Gregory the Illuminator

 

King Tiridates III of Armenia

p18 Rev 1:4-7 (4 verses)

300

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

W

-

p18 Rev 1:4-7 (4 verses)

p78 Jude 4-5,7-8 (4 verses)

300

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

W

-

-

p78 Jude 4-5,7-8 (4 verses)

p24 Rev 5:5-8; 6:5-8 (8 verses)

ca.300

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

W

-

p24 Rev 5:5-8; 6:5-8 (8 verses)

p38, 0162, 0171, 0220, 0232 (13, 12, 30, 6, 9 verses)

ca.300

-

-

W

-

W

W

W

W

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

W

-

p38,0162,0171,0220,0232 13,12,30,6,9 verses

p72 all of 1 Peter, 2 Peter, Jude (191 verses)

ca.300

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

W

W

-

-

-

W

-

Nativity of Mary, 3 Corinthians, eleventh Ode of Solomon, Melito’s Pascha, fragment of a hymn, Apology of Phileas, Ps 33,34.

p72 1 Pet 1:1-5:14; 2 Pet; Jude 1-25 (191 verses)

Adamantius Dialog on the True Faith

42

c.300

-

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

-

W

W

W

S

-

-

-

S

-

-

W

-

-

-

-

-

-

Adamantius Dialog on the True Faith

Marcionite Megethius disputing Adamantius

c.2

c.300

-

X

X

X

X

X

-

Accepted Paul’s letters

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Marcionite Megethius disputing Adamantius

Marcionite Marcus disputing Adamantius

c.2

c.300

-

-

 

 

 

 

X

 

 

 

 

 

-

 

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Marcionite Marcus disputing Adamantius

Bardasene Marinus disputing Adamantius

c.2

c.300

I

-

 

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

 

 

-

 

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Bardasene Marinus disputing Adamantius

Valentinian Doserius disputing Adamantius

c.2

c.300

-

-

 

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

 

 

-

 

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Valentinian Doserius disputing Adamantius

Sinaitic Old Syriac (Syr S) Mt 1:1-6:10, 7:3-12:4, 12:6-25, 12:29-16:15, 18:11-20:24, 21:20-25:15, 25:17-20, 25:25-26, 25:32-28:7, Mk 1:12-44, 2:21-4:17, 5:1-26, 6:5-16:8 (no ending), Lk 1:36-5:28, 6:12-24:52, Jn 1:25-47, 2:16-4:37, 5:6-25, 5:46-18:31, 19:40-end).

3/4th century

-

 

W

W

W

W

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Sinaitic Old Syriac (Syr S) (most of the 4 gospels)

Alexander of Lycopolis Of the Manichaeans

12

301

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Alexander of Lycopolis (ex-Manichaean)

Arnobius Against the Heathen (undisputed)

126 ½

297-303

-

-

-

-

-

A

-

-

A

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Arnobius Against the Heathen (undisputed)

Victorinus of Petau, Austria -OT commentator

18 ½

martyred 304

W

4G

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

-

-

W

W

W

-

W

W

-

-

-

-

-

W

-

-

-

-

-

W

-

Victorinus of Petau, Austria (OT commentator)

Most severe persecution by Diocletian

284, 303-305

Est. 5M Christians. Most severe Roman persecution. Destroyed churches & scriptures. Killed Christians for not sacrificing.

 

Most severe persecution was by Diocletian

Council of Elvira (21 undisputed canons)

c.1

306/307

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Council of Elvira (21 undisputed canons)

Phileas of Thmuis/Tmai, Egyptian Delta

2 ½

beheaded 307

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Q

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

½

-

-

-

-

-

Phileas of Thmuis/Tmai, Egyptian Delta

Pamphilus disciple of Pierius (Origenist)

2 ¾

martyred 309

-

-

-

-

W

-

W

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Pamphilus disciple of Pierius (Origenist)

Peter of Alexandria (undisputed)

8 ½

306,285-311

-

-

J

-

-

W

½

½

-

A

-

Q

W

-

-

-

W

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Q

-

-

-

-

-

Peter of Alexandria (against Origen & Meletius)

Creed of Lucian of Antioch

¼

c.300-311

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Creed of Lucian of Antioch

Hesychius [Egypt],Pachomius,Phileas,Theodorus

1

Martyred m11

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Hesychius [Egypt],Pachomius,Phileas,Theodorus

Donatus Magnus (Donatists) in North Africa

 

311-411-533

Refused to accept those who had ever surrendered their scriptures to authorities

Donatus Magnus (Donatists) in North Africa

Methodius (corrected Origen’s followers)

79 ½

270-311/312

I

W

J

½

Q

Q

-

W

W

S

W

W

½

W

W

-

Q

-

-

-

A

-

A

-

-

-

-

-

W

-

Methodius (corrected Origen’s followers)

Council of Ancyra (about 12 bishops)

3 1/3

314

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Council of Ancyra (about 12 bishops)

Council of Arles I, France. All celebrate Easter on the same day. Ex-communicated Donatists. First mention of a pope in Rome.

0.33

Aug. 314

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Council of Arles I, France. All celebrate Easter on the same day. Ex-communicated Donatists. First mention of a pope in Rome.

Council of Neocaesarea (Basil and others)

1 1/3

c.315

-

-

-

-

-

-

W

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Council of Neocaesarea (Basil and others)

Theophilus’ Martyrdom of Habib the Deacon

5 ½

events c.315

-

-

S

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Theophilus’ Martyrdom of Habib the Deacon

Athanasius Against the Heathen & Incarnation

56

318

-

W

J

J

J

J

Q

W

W

W

-

W

W

Q

-

-

-

-

-

-

J

-

J

-

-

-

-

-

-

Shepherd of Hermas (edifying)

Athanasius Against the Heathen & Incarnation

Licinius tyrannizes Christians in the east Rom. Empire

315-323

Persecution caused by politics, due to Christian support of his foe, Constantine

 

Licinius tyrannizes Christians in the east Rom. Empire

Lactantius, tutor of Constantine’s son

305 ½

c.303-c.325

W

-

A

A

Q

W

A

A

-

-

-

W

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

A

-

-

A

½

-

-

-

W

-

Lactantius, tutor of Constantine’s son

Alexander of Alexandria -Origenist,undisputed

11 ½

313-326

W

W

J

-

J

W

-

W

W

S

W

-

-

W

-

-

W

W

-

-

Q

-

-

-

-

Q

-

-

-

-

Alexander of Alexandria -Origenist,undisputed

Eusebius of Caesarea

1000

318-325

 

 

 

 

 

Q

 

Q

 

 

 

Q

 

Q

Q

 

 

 

 

 

Q

Q

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Eusebius of Caesarea

Arian heresy spreads, starting in Alexandria

 

c.318-523

Arians believed that Jesus was God, but not the same substance as the Father, and there was a time when Jesus was not.

 

Arial heresy spreads, starting in Alexandria

Constantine makes Christianity the official religion

324

Non-violently closed pagan temples so subjects would attend churches instead. Except that he executed the priests at Apollo's temple in Dydima in Asia Minor because they had told Diocletian to persecute Christians.

 

Constantine makes Christianity the official religion

Christian writer totals: all symbols except P’s

4304 ¼

up to 325

21

22

46

25

31

31

25

26

29

21

18

25

20

18

15

9

21

10

11

3

17

11

17

9-1

18

8

1

6

19

+ = 6; disputed = 3; X = 6

Christian writer totals: all symbols except P’s

Council of Nicea (vs. Arians (c.318 bishops)

3

325

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

S

-

-

-

-

-

-

A

-

-

-

-

-

-

Council of Nicea condemns Arianism

In Persia, Shapur II  persecutes Christians

315-323

Persecution started once Christianity became the official Roman religion. Smaller Christian countries allied with Rome.

 

In Persia, Shapur II  persecutes Christians

Persian Shapur II attacks Christian Lakhmid Arabs

325

In retalitation for prior raids into Persia, 60,000 soldiers kill eveyrone in al-Hera

 

Persian Shapur II attacks Lakhmid Arabs

Juvencus (wrote a commentary:The Gospels)

 

329

-

-

W

W

W

W

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Juvencus (wrote a commentary: The Gospels)

Eustathius of Antioch (against Origen)

< 1/4

323-337

 

 

 

 

 

 

A

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Eustathius of Antioch (against Origen)

Eusebius of Caesarea (leader at Nicea)

c.404

318-339/340

W

4G

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

½

W

W

X

W

½

½

½

X

X Shepherd of Hermas

Eusebius of Caesarea (present at Nicea)

Synod of Antioch in Encaeniis (97 bishops)

3 ½

341

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

S

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Synod of Antioch in Encaeniis

Mild Arian Creed of Antioch

1

c.341-344

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Mild Arian Creed of Antioch

Council of Sardica (Greek) (church discipline)

5

343/344

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Council of Sardica (Greek) (church discipline)

Aphrahat/Aphraates, Select Demonstrations

67 ¼

337-345

-

-

J

J

J

J

A

S

W

S

S

S

A

A

S

-

-

S

-

-

S

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3 Corinthians

Aphrahat the Syrian, Select Demonstrations

The Macrostich Creed

2

344/345

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

The Macrostich Creed

Formicus Maternus On the Error of Profane Religions

 

348

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Formicus Maternus On the Error of Profane Religions

A Poem on the Passion of the Lord

1

c.350

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Poem on the Passion of the Lord

Vaticanus manuscript (B)

 

325-350

-

-

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

-

Vaticanus manuscript (B)

Sinaiticus manuscript (Aleph)

 

340-350

-

-

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

Epistle of Barnabas, Hermas

Sinaiticus manuscript (Aleph)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hegemonius translating Archelaus Disputation with Manes

58 ¾

3rd century

W

W

W

J

J

Q

S

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

-

Q

S

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Hegemonius translating Archelaus Disputation with Manes

Amon

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cyrillones, Syriac poet Six Hymns

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1st Council of Sirmium (Greek creed)

1 ½

351

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Council of Sirmium (Greek creed)

Ammonas (a founder of monasticism)

 

340-348/56

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ammonas (a founder of monasticism)

Theodore of Heraclea

 

355

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Theodore or Heraclea

Council of Arminium, Nicene/Arian  compromise

½

355

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Council of Arminium, Nicene/Arian compromise

Synod of Seleucia in Isauria

1/5

357/358

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Synod of Seleucia in Isauria

Eusebius of Emesa. Astronomer, math. bishop

 

c.359/360

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Eusebius of Emesa. Astronomer, math. bishop

Potamius of Lisbon, Portugal

 

c.350-360

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Potamius of Lisbon, Portugal

Arian Roman Emperor Constantius

 

337-353-361

Orthodox bishops were banished, and Athanasius had to go into hiding.

 

Arian Roman Emperor Constantius

Arian Creed of Nica in Thrace

½

356-361

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Arian Creed of Nica (in Theodoret’s History)

Life of Antony (possibly by Athanasius)

26.5

355

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Life of Antony (possibly by Athanasius)

Arian Candidus’ Two Letters to Marius

c.4

359-362

-

-

-

-

-

-

W

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Arian Candidus’ Two Letters to Marius

Marius’s Reply to Candidus (partial)

c.8

359-362

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

W

-

-

-

W

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Marius’s Reply to Candidus (partial)

Nemesius of Emesa, Phoenicia

 

late 4th cent.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nemesius of Emesa, Phoenicia

Victorinus of Rome

 

after 363

 

 

 

 

-

Q

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

Victorinus of Rome

Hilary of Poitiers (taught Martin of Tours)

230

355-367/368

-

W

W

W

W

W

J

W

W

W

S

S

W

S

S

-

S

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

-

-

-

W

-

Hilary of Poitiers (taught Martin of Tours)

Christians killed in Alexandria and Gaza

 

361-363

Emperor Julian the Apostate reigns for 18 months and shows some toleration, yet permits pagans to persecute Christians.

 

Christians killed in Alexandria and Gaza

Eusebius of Vercelli

 

died 370/371

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Eusebius of Vercelli

Athanasius of Alexandria (partial)

426

367 (325-373)

W

4G

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

Hermas, Didache, X no others

Athanasius of Alexandria (partial)

Synopsis Scripturae Sacrae

2

350-370/or 5th

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

-

Synopsis Scripturae Sacrae

Cheltenham Canon (=Mommsen Catalogue)

 

ca.360-370

I

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

-

-

W

?

W

?

?

-

W

 

Cheltenham Canon (-Mommsen Catalogue)

Marcellus of Ancyra (Mt, etc.)

 

c.374

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Marcellus of Ancyra (Mt, etc.)

Optatus of Milevis (converted by Augustine)

 

364-375

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Optatus of Milevis (converted by Augustine)

Ephraim/Ephrem, Syrian hymn-writer (partial)

162

350-378

I

W

W

W

W

W

Q

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

A

Diatessaron, 3 Corinthians

Ephraim, Syrian hymn-writer, commentator

Basil of Cappadocia (Origenist) (partial)

326

357-378/379

W

W

J

J

J

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

Q

-

Q

 

 

-

W

-

-

-

-

-

Basil of Cappadocia (unafraid of Arian Emperor)

Synod of Laodicea (in Phrygia)

4 ½

343-381, 363

W

4G

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

-

-

Synod of Laodicea (in Phrygia)

Arian Roman Valens kills C’s in east

 

370

Valens is finally killed in battle by the Goths, who had converted to Arianism, but never gained his favor

 

Arian Roman Valens kills Christians in east

Athanaric persecutes Orthodox Visigoths

 

369-376

Athanaric first persecuted all Orthodox & Arians, but after converting to Arianism persecuted only Orthodox Christians.

 

Athanaric persecutes Orthodox Visigoths

Council of Gangra (vs. Eustastius of Sabaste)

1 1/3

345-381

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Council of Gangra (vs. Eustastius of Sabaste)

First Council of Constantinople -150 bishops

3 ¾

381-382

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

A

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

First Council of Constantinople -150 bishops

Ambrosiaster

 

c.384

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

U

 

 

Q

Q

 

Q

 

W

A

S

 

 

 

Damasus I of Rome (against Nica Creed)

2

c.386-389/384

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Damasus I of Rome (in Theodoret’s History)

Priscillian Heresy

 

c.385

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

U

 

U

 

 

 

U

 

Priscillian Heresy

Macedonian and Priscillian Heresies

 

c.383, 385

Macedonians denied person of the Holy Spirit. Priscillian denied divinity of Christ and was executed in 385 A.D..

 

Macedonian and Priscillian Heresies

Cyril of Jerusalem (cross over Jerusalem)

154

c.349-386

W

W

W

I

S

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

I

W

I

W

W

W

W

I

W

W

W

I

W

I

I

W

X

X Gospel of Thomas

Cyril of Jerusalem (fed poor from church funds)

Eunomius of Cyzicus (extreme Arian)

c.8

c.360-383/394

-

-

-

A

-

W

Q

S

W

-

-

-

-

W

-

-

-

W

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Eunomius of Cyzicus (extreme Arian)

Ambrose of Milan (Against Arianism)

446 ¼

370-390

W

-

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

Q

-

W

-

W

A

W

-

-

-

W

-

Ambrose of Milan (Against Arianism)

Apollinaris the Younger of Laodicea (former friend of Basil, later denied Jesus had a soul)

 

390 A.D.

 

 

 

 

 

 

W

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Donatist Tyconius, Augustine’s opponent

 

after 390 A.D.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

U

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Donatist Tyconius, Augustine’s opponent

Gregory of Nazianzen (leader at Constantinople)

275

330-391

W

W

S

½

A

¼

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

A

Q

-

½

W

½

-

Q

A

½

-

W

-

-

-

W

-

Gregory of Nazianzen (leader at Constant.)

Pacian of Barcelona

c.23

342-379/392

W

W

W

-

-

J

W

W

W

W

W

-

W

W

-

-

W

W

W

-

-

-

W

-

Q

W

-

-

-

-

Pacian of Barcelona

Gregory of Elvira

 

after 392

 

 

 

 

 

 

W

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gregory of Elvira

Amphilochius Iambi ad Seleucum

 

before 394

 

4G

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

?

W

?

?

?

?

?

?

-

 

Amphilochius Iambi ad Seleucum

Council of Constantinople, under Nectarius

1

394

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Council of Constantinople, under Nectarius

Gregory of Nyssa (Origenist)

495

c.356-397

I

W

W

J

J

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

S

W

S

W

-

W

-

½

-

W

I

I

-

A

-

Gregory of Nyssa (Origenist)

Didymus the Blind (Origenist)

 

398

W

-

W

-

-

S

A

W

W

¼

W

Q

S

-

-

W

W

-

W

-

-

W

W

-

W

-

-

X

-

-

Didymus the Blind (Origenist)

Luciferian schism (Lucifer of Cagliari,Sardinia)

 

361-c.399

Orthodox beliefs, except would never accept back repentant Arian/Semi-Arian clergy

 

Luciferian schism (Lucifer of Cagliari, Sardinia)

Firmicus Maternus Error of Pagan Religions

 

4th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

Q

 

 

 

 

 

 

Firmicus Maternus Error of Pagan Religions

Syriac Book of Steps (Liber Graduum)

c.189

350-400

W

-

J

J

J

W

W

W

W

W

S

W

W

½

Q

W

W

½

-

S

-

Q

-

-

-

-

-

½

Didache, Gospel of Philip, Clement of Alexandria’s Stromata

Syriac Book of Steps (Liber Graduum)

Manichaean Faustus of Milevis

 

383-400

W

 

W

 

W

Q

 

 

W

 

 

 

W

 

 

 

W

 

W

 

 

 

 

 

W

 

 

 

 

 

Manichaean Faustus of Milevis

Syrian Catalogue of St. Catherine’s

 

ca.400

 

4G

W

W

W

W

W

W

-

-

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

Syrian Catalogue of St. Catherine’s

Old Syriac

 

c.400

-

-

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

-

W

-

-

-

-

-

Old Syriac

Maximus of Turin

 

4th/5th cent.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

U

 

 

 

 

 

 

Epiphanius of Salamis (wrote on 80 heresies)

 

360-403

W

4G

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

I

W

W

I

I

I

I

W

W

I

I

I

W

W

I

I

I

I

W

W

-

Epiphanius of Salamis (ex-Jew)

Pope Innocent I of Rome

 

ca.405

W

4G

 

 

 

 

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

-

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

 

Pope Innocent I of Rome

Rufinus, translator in trouble

469

374-406

-

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

S

S

W

A

I

I

W

I

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

-

Rufinus, translator in trouble

Rufinus’ Commentary on the Apostles Creed

21

374-406

W

4G

W

W

W

W

W

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

Hermas, Didache, Judgment of Peter

Rufinus’ Commentary on the Apostles Creed

Gaudentius of Brescia

 

After 406

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gaudentius of Brescia

John Chrysostom (partial)

~3000

-407

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

Q

Q

-

Q

-

-

-

A

 

John Chrysostom (partial)

Chromatius

 

407

 

 

 

 

 

 

Q

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

U

 

 

 

 

 

Chromatius

Severian

 

After 408

 

 

 

 

 

 

Q

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Severian

Asterius of Amasea

 

c.410

 

 

 

 

 

 

Q

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Asterius of Amasea

Niceta of Remesianus

c.63

366-c.415

 

 

J

 

Q

J

 

 

 

W

W

S

S

-

S

 

 

S

 

 

 

 

Q

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Niceta of Remesianus

Orosius/Hosius of Braga (against Priscillian)

c.20

414-418

-

W

Q

J

Q

Q

A

W

W

W

-

W

-

-

-

W

-

-

-

-

-

W

W

-

W

-

-

-

W

-

Orosius/Hosius of Braga (against Priscillian)

Council of Carthage (218 bishops)

39

393-419

W

4G

I

I

I

I

W

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

X says nothing else

Council of Carthage (218 bishops)

Sulpicius/Sulpitius Severus (pupil of Martin)

116 ½

363-420

-

W

Q

-

W

-

W

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

W

-

Sulpicius/Sulpitius Severus (pupil of Martin)

Jerome (pupil of Gregory Nazianzen) (partial)

~500

373-420

W

4G

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

Q

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

-

Jerome (pupil of Gregory Nazianzen) (partial)

Freer Gospels (Washingtonensis) (W)

 

300-450

-

-

W

W

W

W

-

-

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Freer Gospels (Washingtonensis) (W)

Pelagius (Pelagian heresy man born neutral)

?

c.390

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

U

U

U

U

U

U

U

U

U

U

½

 

 

 

U

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pelagius (Pelagian heresy man born neutral)

Sozomen’s Ecclesiastical History

89

370/380-425

-

W

S

-

S

S

-

-

W

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

W

-

S

-

-

-

-

-

S

-

-

-

-

-

Sozomen’s Ecclesiastical History

Theodore of Mopsuestia (Pelagian heretic)

c.94

392-423/429

W

W

J

J

J

J

W

W

W

W

A

-

-

-

-

-

Q

-

-

W

W

X

 

X

 

X

X

X

-

-

Theodore of Mopsuestia (Pelagian heretic)

Augustine of Hippo (pupil of Ambrose)

~4500

388-8/28/430

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

-

W

W

-

Augustine of Hippo (pupil of Ambrose)

John Cassian (Semi-Pelagian)

422 ½

419-430

W

4G

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

S

S

W

A

W

-

-

S

W

-

John Cassian (Semi-Pelagian)

Council of Ephesus vs. Nestorians (200 bish.)

20

Jun-Sep 431

-

-

J

-

-

W

Q

A

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

W

-

-

-

Q

-

A

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Council of Ephesus vs. Nestorians (200 b)

Nilus

 

c.430

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Q

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nilus

Marcus of Eremita

 

after 430

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Q

 

Q

 

 

 

 

 

Marcus of Eremita

Philip of Side, Pamphylia (historian)

 

405-after 431

 

 

 

 

 

W

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Philip of Side, Pamphylia (historian)

Vincent of Lerins

26

c.434

W

W

J

-

-

A

W

W

W

W

W

-

-

-

-

-

W

W

W

-

-

-

-

-

-

W

-

-

-

-

Vincent of Lerins

Isidore of Pelusium (2,000 extant letters)

 

c.435

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Isidore of Pelusium (2,000 extant letters)

Acacius of Melitene

 

c.438

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Q

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Acacius of Melitene

Socrates’ Ecclesiastical History

178

c.400-439

W

W

W

-

-

W

W

W

W

A

W

S

-

W

S

-

W

Q

S

-

W

S

S

-

A

W

-

-

-

1 extra-Biblical phrase of Jesus

Socrates’ Ecclesiastical History

Syriac Peshitta (Mt - 2 Pet)

 

443-

-

-

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Syriac Peshitta (Mt - 2 Pet)

Cyril of Alexandria

 

444 A.D.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Q

 

 

Cyril of Alexandria

Persians fight Armenians and Georgians

 

449

Armenians and Georgians revolt after Yazdirg II tries to impose Zoroastrianism.

 

Persians fight Armenians and Georgians

Ephraemi Rescriptus [C] manuscript

 

375 or400-450

-

-

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

-

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

-

W

W

W

-

Ephraemi Rescriptus [C] manuscript

Nestorius (council & Bazaar of Heracleides)

c.128

451/452

-

½

½

W

-

Q

W

-

Q

-

Q

-

S

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

S

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Nestorius (council & Bazaar of Heracleides)

Victor of Antioch

 

425-450

 

 

 

W

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Victor of Antioch

Peter Chrysologus of Ravenna, Italy (vol.3 only)

179

c.433-c.450

 

 

 

W

 

 

 

 

W

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Peter Chrysologus of Ravenna, Italy (vol.3 only)

Euthalius of Sulca -put most of NT in sections

?

ca.450

 

 

U

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

U

U

U

U

U

U

U

U

U

 

U

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Euthalius of Sulca -put most of NT in sections

Alexandrinus (Mt 25:7-Rev with gaps

 

c.450

-

-

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

1 Clement, 2 Clement

Alexandrinus manuscript (A)

Oecumenius of Isauria

 

5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Oecumenius of Isauria

Speculum

 

5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

Q

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Speculum

Theodotus of Ancyra

 

5th century

 

 

 

 

 

 

Q

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Theodotus of Ancyra

Council of Chalcedon vs. Monophysites

18

451

W

-

W

-

Q

Q

W

W

S

-

Q

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

W

-

W

-

-

-

-

-

Council of Chalcedon vs. Monophysites

Quodvultdeus

 

c.453 A.D.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Q

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Q

 

U

 

 

 

 

 

Quodvultdeus

Julian of Eclanum

 

c.454

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Julian of Eclanum

Eucharius, Instructiones

 

ca.424-455

 

 

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

-

W

-

W

W

-

W

W

-

-

W

W

W

-

-

-

-

-

W

 

Eucharius, Instructiones

Theodoret of Cyrus (bishop and historian)

320

423-458

W

-

W

J

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

-

W

-

W

-

W

-

-

-

W

~Hermas

Theodoret of Cyrus (bishop and historian)

Many Christians killed in Persia, Armenia

 

420-460

Bishop Abdas burned a Zoroastrian temple. After he refused to rebuild it with his own money, Christian churches burned.

 

Many Christians killed in Persia, Armenia

Patrick of Ireland (English missionary to Irish)

15

420-461

-

-

-

-

Q

-

A

S

A

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

¾ 

-

Patrick of Ireland (English missionary to Irish)

Pope Leo I of Rome (turned back Attila)

204

440-461

W

W

W

S

W

W

W

W

S

W

S

S

S

S

S

¼

W

S

S

-

½

W

W

-

W

-

-

-

Q

-

Pope Leo I of Rome (against Monophysites)

Prosper of Aquitaine (foe of Cassian) –partial

c.12

426-465

-

-

S

-

J

J

W

A

¼

-

W

S

S

S

-

½

-

W

W

-

½

W

-

-

W

-

-

-

-

-

Prosper of Aquitaine (Augustinian)

Sharahb’il Yakuf kills Ethiopian Christians

 

c.472

Christian missionary Azqir among those killed.

 

Sharahb’il Yakuf kills Ethiopian Christians

Varimadum

 

445/480 A.D.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Q

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Q

 

U

 

 

 

 

 

Varimadum

What has been called the Athanasian Creed

1

447/484

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

What has been called the Athanasian Creed

Vigilius

 

484

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Q

 

U

 

 

 

 

 

Vigilius

Arians persecute Christians in Algeria

 

484

Arian Visigoth Hunneric persecutes Orthodox Christians in Tipasa, Algeria.

 

Arians persecute Christians in Algeria

Procus

1

412-485

 

 

 

 

 

 

Q

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Proclus

Gennadius/Jerome Lives of Illustrious Men

40

480-495

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W*

W*

W

W

X 5 Forged books said by Peter

Gennadius/Jerome Lives of Illustrious Men

Codex Claromontanus (D)

533

400-500

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Codex Claromontanus (D)

Bezae Cantabrigiensis (D) (Uncial 05)

 

450-550

-

-

W

W

W

W

W

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

W

-

-

-

Bezae Cantabrigiensis (D) (Uncial 05)

Philoxenian Syriac (SyrPh)

 

507/508

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

W

 

 

 

W

 

 

 

 

 

-

Bezae Cantabrigiensis (D) (Uncial 05)

Jacob of Serug/Sarug (Mar Jacob) (partial)

9

519-521

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Jacob of Serug/Sarub (Mar Jacob) (partial)

Arians persecute Church in North Africa

 

499-523

Arian Visigoth King Thrasimund persecutes Orthodox in Carthage and North Africa until his death.

 

Arians persecute Christians in North Africa

Dhu Nuwas persecutes Church in Yemen

 

523-524

Jewish Yemeni king Yusuf As’ar Dhu Nuwas persecuted Christians in Yemen & Najran because Byzantines persecuted Jews.

 

Dhu Nuwas persecutes Christians in Yemen

Benedict of Nursia Rule of St. Benedict

 

ca.480-540

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Caesarius of Arles

 

469/470-542

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Junulius, Institute Regularia Divinae Legis

 

ca.551

 

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

-

W

W

 

Junulius, institute Regularia Divinae Legis

Council of Constantinople II (c.153 present) condemns Nestorius, Origen & admirers

13

May 553

-

-

A

-

-

-

Q

-

-

-

W

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

S

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Council of Constantinople II (c,153 present) condemns Nestorius, Origen & admirers

Vigilius’ letter to Constantinople II Council

2

553

-

-

-

-

-

-

W

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Vigilius’ letter to Constantinople II Council

Gildas

 

c.570

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Q

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gildas

Byzantines persecute Egyptian Copts

 

527-568, 572

Copts are Monophysites. Monophysites taught Jesus’ humanity and divinity are combined like a teaspoon of tea in the ocean.

 

Byzantines persecute Egyptian Copts

M. Aurelius Cassiodorus

 

551-562,c.580

 

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

-

W

W

-

W

?

-

?

W

 

Cassiodorus

Evagrius Scholasticus, church historian

 

593

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Evagrius Scholasticus, church historian

Gregory of Rome, Doctor of the Church (partial)

239 ½

590-605

-

-

J

J

J

J

Q

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

S

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

-

-

-

W

-

Gregory of Rome, Doctor of the Church (partial)

Isidore of Seville

 

ca.600

 

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

 

Isidore of Seville

Venantius’ Poem on Easter

1 ½

Lived 530-609

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Venantius’ Poem on Easter

John of Damascus

100½

706-749

W

4G

W

W

W

W

W

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

Canons of the apostles by Clement

John of Damascus

Waldenses, Scholastics, Mystics, Wycliffe, Medieval Catholic and Orthodox churches

-

c.1000-1526

W

4G

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

-

Waldenses, Scholastics, Mystics, Wycliffe, Medieval Catholic and Orthodox churches

Ulrich Zwingli, Swiss Reformer

-

1454-1531

W

4G

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

X

-

Ulrich Zwingli, Swiss Reformer

Martin Luther, or conservative Lutherans

-

1483-1546

W

4G

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

*

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

-

Martin Luther (founder of Lutheranism)

Mormonism (Latter Day Saints) Salt Lake

-

1830-

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

Book of Mormon, Pearl of Great Price, Doctrines and Covenants. The living Mormon prophet has the greatest say

Mormonism (Latter Day Saints) Salt Lake

Jehovah’s Witnesses (Watchtower)

-

 

W

4G

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

The Watchtower is a prophet

Jehovah’s Witnesses (Watchtower)

Liberal Protestant, Episcopalian

-

19th century -

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

-

?, Gospel of Thomas? Q?

Liberal Protestant, Episcopalian

Rev. Moon’s Divine Principle (Unification Church)

 

 

W

4G

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

The Divine Principle. Other teachings by Rev. Moon

Rev. Moon’s Divine Principle (Unification Church)

Hussites, Conservative Protestant, Catholic, Anglican, Orthodox, Coptic churches

-

c.1000-

W

4G

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

-

Hussite, Conservative Protestant, Catholic, Anglican, Orthodox, Coptic

Writer or Event

Pages

Date A.D.

NT

Gospels

Mt

Mk

Lk

Jn

Ac

Rm

1C

2C

Ga

Ep

Pp

Cl

1Th

2Th

1Tm

2Tm

Tt

Pm

He

Jm

1P

2P

1J

2J

3J

Jude

Rev

Positive reference to other books after Christ that could be scripture

Writer

www.Biblequery.org/Bible/BibleCanon/EarlyChristianNTGrid.html. References at www.Biblequery.org/Bible/bibleCanon/EarlyChristianNTGridReferences.html


Note that the Ebionite writings quoted or alluded to the four gospels, 1 and 2 Corinthians. This does not mean they accepted the New Testament, but rather they might have just “borrowed” some of the teaching of the New Testament.

 

So how accurate does the previous chart reflect what each writer believed was scripture? We can do two validation tests.

 

First, we can compare one of Tertullian’s works, Five Books Against Marcion (194 pages) with the rest of his preserved works (741) pages.  Counting an allusion as 15%, a quote as 25%, a reference to the apostles, etc. as 50% and a reference to Christ, God, Savior 75%, Five Books Against Marcion only picked up 21 books, verses 24.8 books in the rest of Tertullian.

 

Second, we can compare Rufinus’ 469 pages, with a 21-page commentary where he spells out clearly what He believes Scripture is (identical to the Christian New Testament today). The 469 pages only picked up 13.8 books out of 27 we know for certain that he accepted.

 

The second example shows that we will be more accurate to count any allusion or higher as showing they accepted the book as scripture. If we recomputed the numbers, we get:

 

Work

original method

Ratio

new method

Ratio

Tertullian’s Five Books against Marcion

21

 

26

 

Rest of Tertullian

24.8

85%

29

89%

Rufinus’ Works

13.8

 

17

 

Rufinus Listing for us the Canon

27

51%

27

63%

 

So while the preceding chart is accurately for showing some of what they accepted as scripture, it somewhat underestimates all the New Testament books they accepted as scripture.

 

The New Testament of the Ethiopic church is identical to other Christians with the addition of 8 books of canons collectively called the Sinodos.

 

by Steven M. Morrison, PhD.